Reference

Radon Mitigation System Types

Most residential systems share the same principle and differ in where the suction is applied. Which approach fits a building is a design question answered on site — not something that can be selected from a catalogue.

The approaches side by side

System typeWhere suction is appliedTypically considered when
Sub-slab depressurizationBeneath a concrete slab, through one or more cored suction points.The building has a basement or slab-on-grade floor with permeable material beneath it.
Drain-tile suctionInto an existing sub-slab drain tile loop.The building has a functioning drain tile system that communicates under the slab.
Sump-hole suctionInto a sump pit connected to drain tile, under a sealed cover.A sump pit already ties into sub-slab drainage and can be sealed without impairing the pump.
Sub-membrane depressurizationBeneath a sealed membrane laid over exposed crawl space soil.The building has a crawl space with an earth floor.
Passive systemNo fan — relies on natural stack effect in a vent pipe.Installed during construction as radon-resistant new construction.
Active systemFan-driven continuous suction with a monitoring device.Reduction must be reliable and verifiable.
Multi-zone systemSeparate suction points serving distinct foundation areas.Additions, split foundations or poor communication under a large slab.

Passive compared with active

Passive radon system compared with an active systemPassive: pipe only, no fanNatural airflowGaugeActive: fan plus monitoring device
A passive system relies on natural stack effect through a vent pipe installed during construction. An active system adds a fan and a monitoring device, which is what creates continuous suction beneath the slab.

A passive system is a pathway without a driver. It can reduce indoor radon, but the effect varies with temperature, wind and how the building is operated, and there is no indicator confirming it is working.

Adding a fan and a monitor turns that pathway into a system whose operation can be observed. Whether an existing pipe is suitable for that conversion is an evaluation question.

Passive system activation

What every active system has in common

Components of an active radon mitigation system1Suction point2Sealed piping3Fan4Monitor5Exhaust
Suction point, sealed piping, fan, system monitor and exhaust termination work as one system. Changing one component without evaluating the others can change how the whole system performs.

Suitability depends on the building

The deciding factors are the foundation construction, what sits beneath the slab, whether distinct foundation areas communicate with each other, where piping can physically be routed, and where an exhaust can terminate safely.

Diagnostic measurements taken during a site visit — rather than the radon reading itself — are what tell a designer how many suction points a building needs.

This page explains concepts so you can follow a contractor's reasoning. It is not a design or installation guide, and it should not be used to attempt a do-it-yourself system.
Source: US EPA — Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction · United States · cost-reference · Last verified: verification date not recorded

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